Heat loss occurs most significantly at a specific radius of insulation over a cylinder. The component consists of a galvanized iron (G.I.) pipe with plaster of Paris insulation applied to its outer surface. The setup includes four pipes, each equipped with a heater and input control. Common voltmeters and ammeters are used to measure the input to the heaters. By adjusting the heater input, the demonstration shows that the critical radius of insulation is directly related to the ratio of thermal conductivity to the external heat transfer coefficient.

Experimental Objective

This classroom experiment clearly demonstrates how the radius of a small wire affects the heat transfer rate in both insulated and uninsulated conditions.

·        Four GI pipes, each equipped with an electrical heater.

·        Pipes insulated with varying thicknesses.

·        Four dimmerstats for individual heater input control.

·        Voltmeter and ammeter for monitoring heater power input.

·        Digital temperature indicator to measure temperatures across the insulation layers.

·        Complete with all necessary switches and controls.

Utilities required other than above supply 

230 V, 5 Amp AC supply with earthing connection.

Required floor area 1meter x 1meter x 1.5meters height.